| ====================================================================== ENGINEERING NEWS IN BRIEF E-Mail Newsletter No.81 Issued by the Asian TOP Panel, September 2008 The Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society (CMES) The Institution of Engineers, Indonesia (PII) The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers (JSME) The Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers (KSME) ====================================================================== According to the agreement made in the 2nd Asian TOP Panel Meeting, the ENGINEERING NEWS IN BRIEF (E-mail newsletter) has now been edited by the JSME for the year 2008. ====================================================================== [Contents] 1) Risk-Based-Approach of Machinery Safety (Source: JSME) 2) The New Toyota Variable Valve Timing and Lift System (VALVEMATIC) (Source: JSME) 3) A Proposal of Social-Oriented Manufacturing Systems (Source: JSME) 4) Research Activities on Micromachines at Kogakuin University(Source: JSME) 5) A Method Based on Visual Attention in Tool Detection (Source: CMES) 6) Research on Vertical Vibration Control and Test for Automobile Magneto-rheological Suspensions (Source: CMES) 7) New Address and Contact Information of CMES (Source: CMES) 8) An Optimal Design of Sandwich Panels with Wire-woven Bulk Kagome Cores (Source: KSME) 9) Comparative Performance Analysis of Small Pressurized Fuel Cell/Gas Turbine Hybrid Systems (Source: KSME) 10) Experiment on Heat Transfer and Absorption Performance Enhancement for Binary Nanofluids (NH?/H?O + Nano-Particles) (Source: KSME) ======================================================================== 1) Risk-Based-Approach of Machinery Safety Takashi Kabe, NPO The Safety Engineering Laboratory The development of science and technology
brings on one hand welfare to the society,
but on the other hand danger to human being.
The products are human-made and designers
of machinery have therefore the responsibility
to control hazards according to Risk-Based-Approach
(RBA) to prevent accidents beforehand. The
Japanese domestic legislation and standards
have implemented the framework of global
approach on safety of machinery in these
days. This framework consists out of labor
safety law and Japanese industrial standard
(JIS), which is adapted to international
standards, ISO or IEC on safety of machinery.
In case of Japan, the relevant law requires
the responsibility of user of machinery only
and not yet of the machinery manufacturer.
Thus users of machinery are required to pay
attention, that purchasing machines are safe
and fulfill also requirements of products
liability law or contract law. The methodology
risk assessment has a major role in this
prevention way. 2) The New Toyota Variable Valve Timing and Lift System (VALVEMATIC) Takashi Kawasaki, Toyota Motor Corporation The continuously variable valve lift and timing (duration and phase) system, 乬VALVEMATIC乭, has been developed. It is able to improve fuel consumption by using smaller valve lift during low and middle engine load, which reduces pumping loss by advanced Intake valve closing timing. The system consists of a special rocker arm,
which realizes continuous variable timing
and lift, and an electromotor. The intelligent
actuator contains Toyota乫s originally developed
planetary roller screw translating rotational
motor movement to linear actuation.
3) A Proposal of Social-Oriented Manufacturing Systems Toshiya Kaihara, Kobe University Efficiency and robustness are required simultaneously in manufacturing systems planning and operation. Social contract mechanism takes a metaphor for social interactions amongst decision makers, and its aim is to execute a rational allocation of multiple resources in their society. Then it must have great potential to realise sophisticated manufacturing management system in its nature. We propose a new manufacturing system paradigm with multi-disciplinary approach, called 乬Social-Oriented manufacturing systems乭, which integrates social scientific research area into production engineering. Each decision makers in manufacturing system is modelled as agents, and social interaction mechanism amongst agents plays an important role in effective production control with robustness against global environmental changes. We introduce 乬Real-Virtual integrated manufacturing system乭 concept to implement and realise our social-oriented manufacturing system. A prototype of the proposed Real-Virtual integrated manufacturing system consists of model plant system and virtual manufacturing system. Interaction mechanism between them enables adaptive management and control against unexpected events as social system can handle them autonomously.
4) Research Activities on Micromachines at Kogakuin University Kenji Suzuki, Kogakuin University 乬Smart machine & Micro-Bio Systems Research
Center (SMBC)乭 at Kogakuin University
was
established in 2003 in 乬High-Tech
Research
Center乭 Project for Private Universities,
which is one of matching funds subsidy
from
MEXT (Ministry of Education, Culture
Sports,
Science and Technology). The main goal
of
this project is construction of multidisciplinary
technological basis towards realizing
smart
micromachines and micro-bio systems.
It is
composed of 6 research themes and each
theme
is divided into several sub-themes.
48 researchers
are participating in this project. Key words: micromachine, insect-inspired
robot, surface tension force Dou Yan, Kong Lingfu, Yanshan University To solve the problem of target detection,
which is appeared in the visual guide
robot
processing system, the human visual
selective
attention mechanism was introduced
into the
machine vision systems. A computational
model
of visual selective attention based
on the
contour was proposed. It realized the
testing
goal by using a strategy of separating
object,
extracting edge, perceiving contour,
competing
in the saliency of contour, choosing
and
transferring attention focus. Experimental
results indicate that the model can
be attained
to the accuracy of target detection
in complex
scenes, possesses a strong anti-jamming
capability
and high computing efficiency, which
has
a potential of using in the machine
vision
system directly. 6) Research on Vertical Vibration Control and Test for Automobile Magneto-rheological Suspensions Li Rui, Chen Weimin, Yu Miao, Liao Changrong, Zhang Honghui, Li Yinguo, Chongqing University , Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications Based on necessary analysis and simplification on suspension vibration system, a hierarchical intelligent control system was proposed. In the control level, a local fuzzy adaptive (FA) controller was designed for each magneto-rheological (MR) independent suspension system, which can online adjust quantization factor and scale factor of fuzzy controller by human-like intelligent parameter modifying algorithm. In the coordination level, a coordination controller was designed to coordinate the four local independent FA controllers, by adjusting their output parameters according to system feedback in different conditions. Simulation tests were carried out in MATLAB. To validate the real results of hierarchical control, a MR suspension control and test system was set up and implemented on a muni bus. Road tests under various conditions were carried out. Compared to passive suspension, the hierarchical controller employed on MR suspension reduces the vibration acceleration of body floor about 15% and that of seat about 23%. The results indicate that the hierarchical controller can effectively reduce MR suspension vertical vibration, minimize the effect of simplified suspension system and damper model, and improve ride comfort. Key words: automobile; magneto-rheological damper;
hierarchical control; fuzzy adaptive
control;
coordination control; road test
Yong-Hyun Lee,POSCO First, the effect of the geometry such as the curved shape of the struts composing the truss structure of WBK is elaborated. Then, analytic solutions for the material properties of WBK and the maximum loads of a WBK-cored sandwich panel under bending are derived. A design optimization with the face sheet thickness and the core height selected as the design variables is presented for given slenderness ratios of the WBK core. Unless the face sheet thickness is limited, the optimal design to give the maximum load per weight is always found at a confluence of three failure modes, namely, face sheet yielding, indentation plastic, and core shear modeB plastic. Key words: PCM(Periodic Cellular Metal),
Kagome Truss, Sandwich Panel, Ultra Light
Metal Structure, WBK(Wire-wounded Bulk Kagome
9) Comparative Performance Analysis of Small Pressurized Fuel Cell/ Gas Turbine Hybrid Systems Sung Ku Park, Byung June You, Tong Seop Kim,
Inha University Design performances of the fuel cell / gas turbine hybrid power generation systems based on two different fuel cells (PEMFC, SOFC) have been comparatively analyzed. In each system, the fuel cell operates at an elevated pressure corresponding to the compressed air pressure of the gas turbine. Both internally and externally reformed systems were analyzed for the SOFC hybrid system. Component design parameters of 10? class small systems are assumed. For all hybrid systems, increasing the turbine inlet temperature increases the power portion of the gas turbine. With increasing the turbine inlet temperature, system efficiency decreases in the PEMFC system and the internally reformed SOFC system while that of the externally reformed SOFC system increases slightly. The internally reformed SOFC hybrid system is predicted to exhibit the best system efficiency. Key words: PEMFC, SOFC, Gas Turbine, Hybrid
System, Pressurized System, Internal
Reforming,
External reforming Jin Ki Lee, Chung Woo Jung, Yong Tae Kang, Kyunghee University The objectives of this paper are to examine the effect of nano-particles on the pool type absorption heat transfer enhancement and to find the optimal conditions to design a highly effective compact absorber for ammonia/water absorption system. The effect of Al?O? nano-particles and carbon nanotube(CNT) on the absorption performance is studied experimentally. The experimental ranges of the key parameters are 20% of ammonia concentration, 0.0 - 0.08 vol% (volume fraction) of CNT particles, and 0.0 - 0.06 vol% of Al?O? nano-particles. For the ammonia/water nanofluids, the heat transfer rate and absorption rate with 0.02 vol% Al2O3 nano-particles were found to be 29% and 18% higher than those without nano-particles, respectively. It is recommended that the concentration of 0.02 vol% of Al?O? nano-particles be the best candidate for ammonia/water absorption performance enhancement. Key Words: Binary Nanofluids, Absorption, Nano-particles, Ammonia/Water, Al?O?, CNT
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